The Himba

The Himba are a semi-nomadic ethnic group predominantly found in the Kunene Region of northern Namibia and across the Kunene River in southern Angola. With an estimated population of about 50,000, the Himba are among the last semi-nomadic pastoralists in Namibia, maintaining their traditional way of life in a rapidly changing world.

The Himba people speak OtjiHimba, a variety of the Herero language, which belongs to the Bantu language family. Their language, like their culture, is an integral part of their identity, preserving centuries of heritage and traditions. Although related to the Herero people, the Himba are distinct in several ways, particularly in their lifestyle and customs. They are known for their pastoral lifestyle, raising cattle, goats, and sheep, and moving between seasonal settlements to find water and grazing land for their animals.

Himba society is structured around extended families and is strongly influenced by their spiritual beliefs. They are monotheistic, worshipping Mukuru, the supreme god, and their religion includes the veneration of ancestors. Ancestor worship plays a central role in Himba rituals, and traditional ceremonies are essential for maintaining spiritual balance within their communities.

The Himba are also known for their distinctive appearance. Women, in particular, apply a mixture of red ochre, butterfat, and herbs to their skin and hair, creating a striking red-colored coat that serves as both a beauty ritual and a protective layer against the harsh sun. This practice is symbolic of their connection to the earth and their cultural identity. Himba women also wear elaborate jewelry, and their attire often includes leather and fur garments, reflecting their pastoralist lifestyle.

While many Himba still adhere to their traditional ways, the pressures of modernity, such as education, healthcare, and economic changes, continue to influence their society. Despite these challenges, the Himba remain a proud and resilient people, deeply connected to their heritage.