The Khoekhoe

The Khoekhoe, formerly known as the Khoikhoi, are an indigenous group of pastoralists from Southern Africa. Traditionally nomadic, the Khoekhoe have a deep connection to the land and livestock, particularly Nguni cattle, which were central to their way of life. They are often grouped with the San people, who are primarily hunter-gatherers, but the Khoekhoe’s distinct pastoral lifestyle set them apart. The Khoekhoe language is part of the Khoe language family, which also includes dialects spoken by various San groups, and is known for its unique click sounds.

Historically, the Khoekhoe inhabited the regions that now comprise parts of South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana. They were some of the first indigenous people to encounter Europeans, particularly during the 17th century when Dutch settlers arrived in the Cape of Good Hope. At this time, the Khoekhoe were already established as pastoralists, maintaining large herds of cattle. However, their way of life began to change as European colonization expanded, leading to land dispossession and the disruption of their traditional practices.

The term “Hottentot,” once used to refer to the Khoekhoe, is now considered derogatory. “Khoekhoe” itself is a term of respect, often used in literature to describe various Khoe-speaking peoples. These include groups like the Nama, Damara, and Griqua. Over time, the Khoekhoe people have adapted to changing circumstances, with some groups settling in towns and engaging in agriculture, while others still maintain their pastoralist traditions.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, many Khoekhoe communities gave up their nomadic lifestyles, but their cultural legacy remains strong. Today, the Khoekhoe continue to be an important part of Southern Africa’s diverse ethnic tapestry, preserving their language, customs, and rich history.